Properties of liquids lab. separate mixtures rely on differences in the physical properties of the components. You get double the science, and a yummy treat! Learn more: Playdough to Plato. May 13, 2023 · Surface tension is the energy required to increase the surface area of a liquid by a unit amount and varies greatly from liquid to liquid based on the nature of the intermolecular forces, e. Each liquid should follow the rules of IMF. Nov 1, 2011 · Linear Alkyl Benzene (LAB) is a promising liquid scintillator solvent in neutrino experiments because it has many appealing properties. For a more dense liquid, the hydrometer does not sink as far into the liquid. Mercury, being a liquid metal, is something of an outlier. 2) Where r is the Density [g/mL], the known density of 20 o C is 0. To familiarise students with the differences between solids, liquids and gases, use examples of materials that exist in an unexpected state of matter, such as mercury or liquid nitrogen. Other examples of physical changes Chemistry Lab Report Experiment 1: Density. Particles in a liquid or solid phase are moving slowly enough so that the attractive forces are able to hold particles next to each other. You have most likely used capillary tubes in the lab to check melting points. The density range of solids is quite wide. Nov 13, 2018 · Among common liquids, water exhibits a distinctly high surface tension due to strong hydrogen bonding between its molecules. OBJECTIVE STUDENT STATIONS APPARATUS AND CHEMICALS extensive physical properties of matter, and vary with the size of the sample. How can you increase the sensitivity of a liquid-in-glass thermometer? The IMFs between the molecules of a liquid, the size and shape of the molecules, and the temperature determine how easily a liquid flows. " "Pipetting" at the beginning of the manual. to lab. 55 ns and 1 Oct 31, 2023 · In the present investigation, the hydrodynamic characteristics of a liquid–solid inverse fluidized bed were studied using linear low-density polyethylene and date seeds activated carbon particles as the solid phase and aqueous solution of sodium chloride (5%, 10%, 15% and 20%) and sodium carboxy methyl cellulose (0. The main ones we discuss here are: polarity, surface tension, adhesion, cohesion, and capillary action. This way students can pour the liquid back into the buret and the waste is minimal. org are unblocked. Solid: The ice cream is a solid-state. 5% and 0. Viscosity is a measure of resistance to flow, where a high viscosity indicates a high resistance (e. It depends on both the IMFs between the liquid molecules (cohesive forces) and the IMFs between the liquid and the tube surface (adhesive forces). Apr 21, 2024 · You can observe the effects of surface tension on the behavior of liquids by conducting a surface tension experiment. Oct 26, 2013 · We loved seeing the liquid fizz up into a gas! Which State of Matter is each part of the Root Beer Float? (What happened) In this root beer float states of matter experiment, you will find all 3 states of matter. Why is it that real gases do not behave as ideal gases at very low temperatures? Some of the more common physical properties are: color, odor, density, solubility, state (solid, liquid, or gas at 20°C[room temperature]), melting point, boiling point, and refractive index. I find it best to label the buret with the liquid in it and place a beaker under the buret to catch the liquid also labeled. Solution - A solution is a mixture formed when a solid, liquid or gaseous substance is homogeneously mixed with a liquid. A liquid-in-glass thermometer comes in 2 basic types: mercury or alcohol. Almost all matter on Earth exists in three different states: solid, liquid and gas. Which would you expect to roll down the windshield faster honey or Sep 1, 2023 · In the Investigate the Properties of Liquids lesson, students learn about properties of liquids, including density. May 11, 2020 · Why Are Ionic Liquids So Unique? Ionic liquids have such a wide range of properties that can be tuned to fit different applications ranging from biological, to electrochemical, to catalytic research! There are, however, a few characteristics that many, if not all, ILs share. However, they are not strong enough to have a definite shape. This process is called boiling. Liquids are incompressible but conform to the shape of the Mar 16, 2014 · Now pour the liquid from cup to a bottle, the liquid has changed its shape and now it has taken the shape of bottle. The gas laws in discussed in class relate other properties of gases. This liquid property is known as surface tension. The effect of Jul 30, 2024 · The viscosity of a liquid is a measure of its resistance to flow. Explain, with evidence, that different liquids have their own unique properties. org and *. Student Lab Guide Revision Date: 09/2019 1 Physical Properties: Identification of a Pure Liquid Prepared by Edward L. Reweigh the flask with the condensed organic liquid. Figure \(\PageIndex{1}\): The Difference between Extensive and Intensive Properties of Matter. Likewise, a solvent is a substance in which another substance dissolves. There is also a correlation between the concentration of the solution and the kinematic and dynamic viscosity of the solution. 3) Rate the hydrogen bonding in the increasing order. Probably the major difficulty is that in order to determine accurate values, one must be using a pure substance. Liquid crystals can flow like a liquid but also display symmetries typically associated with crystalline solids. 30. A 1. Its widespread use gave rise to the "millimeter of mercury" (now usually The IMFs between the molecules of a liquid, the size and shape of the molecules, and the temperature determine how easily a liquid flows. Show all work 1. Finally, students will time how quickly honey Mass, Volume, and Density v5 (two lab periods) 2 • Meniscus – the curved shape of the top surface of a liquid in a cylinder or tube; it should be read at the bottom of the concave shape for most liquids although some such as mercury have a convex shape (read the top of the meniscus when it is convex) Consider a hydrometer floating in two liquids with specific gravities of S 1 and S 2 where S 2 > S 1. Science Fair Connection. . 6 %âãÏÓ 212 0 obj > endobj 242 0 obj >/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[8207A6CCCBC42946AE50AF53FE267F82>15E5F8477B16694FA513219F5C1B60C7>]/Index[212 44]/Info 211 0 R With your class, create a list of the different properties of liquids and solids: Properties of Liquids Properties of Solids With your group, test all of the solid and liquid properties from the two lists you just made. Rate the volatile nature of the four liquids in the order of increasing. Change the temperature or volume of a container and see a pressure-temperature diagram respond in real time. Aug 21, 2012 · Mercury and liquid nitrogen. 7. All liquid properties can shift with temperature, even when the change is just a few degrees: vapor pressure, atmospheric pressure, density, viscosity. This allows a stack to be created. Always develop liquid classes at common lab temperatures. Now that we have covered the basic Intermolecular Forces, we will cover some of the properties of liquids. The Cooper Chung (Yu Cheng) 800736526 Name: Cooper Chung (Yu Cheng) Date: 02/01/12 Lab Partner: Andy Nguyen Physical Properties of Pure Liquids: Boiling Points and Viscosity Purpose: To find the viscosity of each given liquid and determine its boiling point. One of the properties that helps characterize a substance is its molar mass. ,-\ X 2. Aug 26, 2023 · The viscosity of a liquid is a measure of its resistance to flow. The IMFs between the molecules of a liquid, the size and shape of the molecules, and the temperature determine how easily a liquid flows. Objective: The objective of this lab is for you to determine the flow properties of liquid phase materials by measuring the viscosities of a few common fluids. Once the liquid is completely evaporated, the solid is all that is left behind. These will include: Vaporization and Condensation Vapor Pressure Enthalpy of Vaporization, … Aug 26, 2023 · The viscosity of a liquid is a measure of its resistance to flow. Key Concepts: Laboratory 5 . Jan 31, 2020 · Liquid crystal is a state of matter between liquid and solid. If you're behind a web filter, please make sure that the domains *. Some substances have essentially two different melting points: One at which they become a liquid crystal, and another higher point at which they become a regular liquid. These principles will be demonstrated by adding drops of different liquids to pennies to determine the strength of molecular attraction. Capillarity is when a liquid rises up a small thin opening (a tube) against the gravitational pull. May 13, 2009 · 1) Place one drop of each liquid in a piece of paper and observe the volatility. As liquid spreads on the tube surface it creates more surface area, the liquid then rises to reduce the surface area. 2 shows, the more structurally complex are the molecules in a liquid and the stronger the IMFs between them, the more difficult it is for them to move past each other and the greater is the viscosity of the liquid. Describe the roles of intermolecular attractive forces in each of these properties/phenomena. Does oobleck behave like a liquid, a solid, or both? Surface Tension: Liquids Stick Together Student Version In this lab you will learn about properties of liquids, specifically cohesion, adhesion, and surface tension. February 5, 2021 Spring 2021. This helps to challenge misconceptions suchas ‘all metals are solids’. While the substance is in the gas phase, you can measure its volume, pressure, and temperature. 29 \times 10^{-2} J/m^2\) (at 20°C), while mercury with metallic (electrostatic) bonds has as May 12, 2020 · Homemade Slushies: explore changes from liquid to solid while mixing up a tasty treat. 1. 6 ns, 1. Each station will have 3 burets filled up to the top with one of the liquids, 3 beakers and 3 balloons (or combs). Fill balloons with solids, liquids, and gases. The surface tension of a liquid occurs at the interface between the liquid and a gas (or sometimes, another liquid). Students will develop an understanding that liquids, like solids, have their own characteristic properties. If the substance in question is a volatile liquid, a common method to determine its molar mass is to use the ideal gas law, PV = nRT. 998 g/ml [1]. Extensive properties such as mass and volume depend on the amount of substance present and are not useful in the identification of a substance. For the test to be fair, the same amount of each liquid should be placed on the paper in the same way. Also point out that air is not the only gas (another A physical change is a change in the state or properties of matter without any accompanying change in the chemical identities of the substances contained in the matter. Procedure: Demonstration: Surface Tension 1. Liquid: The root beer is a liquid that takes the shape of the container (clear cups). This is true even of solids placed in a liquid of the same substance; for example, solid gold would sink in liquid gold before the solid gold melted. Learning The Properties Of Liquids . To address this, a scoping review was conducted to answer the quest … Jan 9, 2022 · (eq. The flow properties of interest in our research are viscosity and yield stress. This laboratory activity aims to investigate the properties of liquids through a series of experiments. Oct 15, 2022 · The objectives of this laboratory are: Set up and show how to use a pH indicator Determine the pH of common solutions Understand pH differences of acids and bases Learn to use a laboratory pH meter … Typically solid things sink because they are denser than the liquid that they are placed in. You can then use the Layers are formed when we pour immiscible liquids into the same container. You can test by holding a cool watch glass near the pinhole to see if any vapor will condense. Liquids have definite volume, but not a definite shape. For the less dense liquid, the hydrometer must sink lower into the liquid to obtain a buoyant force to balance the weight. Brown, Lee University To identify an unknown liquid by comparing its measured physical properties (such as Boiling Point and Density) with known values. Students will observe capillary action by placing celery stalks in dyed water overnight. These states of matter have very different properties, or ways they behave and appear. Again, the liquid is pulled up into the tube. When a liquid is placed in a container with no lid, it remains in the container. A liquid is a state of matter that can flow and can take the shape of its container. Wetting refers to the study of how a liquid deposited on a solid (or liquid) substrate spreads out or the ability of liquids to form boundary surfaces with solid states. Foods and liquids have properties that are often modified as part of clinical dysphagia management to promote safe and efficient swallowing. Discard the liquid. Record the temperature during development. They then use what they learn about density to "stack" liquids (or create a density column). kasandbox. LABORATORY REPORT. Jan 30, 2016 · Leave the liquid totally immersed for at least two minutes. You can create a science fair project by identifying a variable, or something that changes, in this experiment. The bulb is where the liquid is stored. The different atoms and molecules in a liquid interact with the paper in a characteristic way. Viscosity depends on the size and shape of the particles that make the liquid, as well as the attraction between the particles. This laboratory takes advantage of several properties of gases including their mass and ability to occupy the entire volume of a container to allow the calculation of the molar mass for an unknown compound. Liquids that have a LOW viscosity flow quickly (ie. Even if liquids look similar, they can have different properties. The attraction between the molecules of such nonpolar liquids and polar water molecules is ineffectively weak. Relate the interaction potential to the forces between molecules. LAB ACTIVITY: MATTER ON THE MOVE (#1) Every substance in the universe is made up of matter that can exist in a number of different forms called states. As Table 1 shows, the more structurally complex are the molecules in a liquid and the stronger the IMFs between them, the more difficult it is for them to move past each other and the greater is the viscosity of the liquid. Because the liquid is volatile, it can easily be converted to a gas. Preparation Jan 30, 2023 · This is why there is surface tension and takes a certain amount of energy to break these intermolecular bonds. 6. Plan and conduct an investigation to identify the properties of a liquid. As a result of this high surface tension, the surface of water represents a relatively “tough skin” that can withstand considerable force without breaking. Same goes for other liquids, even hydrophobic liquids such as oil. 1: Overview of Distillation Several distillation variations are used in the organic laboratory depending on the properties of the mixture to be purified. 73 cm. The purpose of this lab is to identify the physical and chemical properties of four liquids: acetone‚ vinegar‚ hydrogen peroxide‚ and oil. They will also measure the surface tension of water, isopropyl alcohol, dish soap and cooking oil by counting droplets placed on coins before overflow. 3%, 0. Oct 15, 2022 · In this lab, a beaker, two graduated cylinders and a burette will be used to measure liquid volumes, and their precision will be compared. Note that when measuring liquid volumes, it is important to read the graduated scale from the lowest point of the curved surface of the liquid, known as the liquid meniscus. heat for at least 1 minute after you perceive that all the liquid has evaporated. Lab Report intermolecular forces collaborative experiment to determine the effects of size and structure of molecules on the intermolecular forces affecting. Capillary action is the flow of liquid up a narrow tube against the force of gravity. Sep 24, 2021 · The physical state and properties of a particular compound depend in large part on the type of chemical bonding it displays. Figure \(\PageIndex{3}\): A Representation of the Solid, Liquid, and Gas States. In the liquid state, the intermolecular forces between the particles are strong enough to have a definite volume. - melting point solubility - viscosity - boiling point - density 2. NGSS Alignment This lesson helps students prepare for these Next Generation Science Standards Performance Expectations: 2-PS1 Testing the Properties of Water. If a straw is in a glass of water, or another drink, the liquid in the straw will be higher than the liquid in the glass. 18). As Table 10. The obvious way to turn a gas into a liquid is to cool it to a temperature below its boiling point. However, the molecules on the surface of a liquid are attracted only by about one-half as many molecules. Contact Angles Contact angle is one of the common ways to measure the wettability of a surface or material. This often requires heat. g. %PDF-1. When the intermolecular forces of attraction are strong within a liquid, there is a larger viscosity. Jan 30, 2023 · These forces govern the shape which the liquid takes on. An example of this phenomenon is imagining a race between two liquids down a windshield. The interest in them is due to many valuable properties of ILs, such as low volatility, good Identification of Substances by Physical Properties Pre-lab Questions Before beginning this experiment in the laboratory, you should be able to answer the following questions. 4) Identify the compounds. Pressure and temperature, for example, are intensive properties. Circle the correct responses in the following statement: Density is a physical / chemical property of matter and an intensive /extensive property of matter. Gasoline, oil (Figure \(\PageIndex{7}\)), benzene, carbon tetrachloride, some paints, and many other nonpolar liquids are immiscible with water. Viscosity is a liquid’s resistance to flowing. Review the section "volumetric pipets" and "Mohr pipets. There is another way of condensing a gas to form a liquid, however, which involves raising the pressure on the gas. Water is a nifty little polar molecule. This module provides a foundation for considering states of matter in all their complexity. Jan 30, 2023 · Viscosity is another type of bulk property defined as a liquid’s resistance to flow. 20 g sample of an unknown has a volume of 1. Liquids flow from higher to lower level. 2) Rate the polar nature of the compounds in the increasing order. ‪States of Matter‬ - PhET Interactive Simulations Properties of Liquids. N INTERMOLECULAR FORCES: SOLUBILITY AND THE \PROPERTIES OF LIQUIDS EXPERIMENT 1 PRE-LABORATORY QUESTIONS Fully answer these questions in your laboratory notebook before coming for numerical calculations. Intensive properties of matter – An intensive property is a bulk property, which means it is a system’s local physical property that is independent of the system’s size or volume of material. Define viscosity, surface tension, and capillary rise. Because the density of the liquids varies, there is no homogeneous mixing. Measurement The mass of a liquid or solid can be measured using a balance. The module also Watch different types of molecules form a solid, liquid, or gas. In this lab you will learn about properties of liquids, specifically cohesion, adhesion, and surface tension. Oct 15, 2022 · To observe electrical conductivity of substances in various aqueous solutions; To determine of the solution is a strong or weak electrolyte; To interpret a chemical reaction by observing aqueous solution conductivity. There are 2 kinds of balances in the general chemistry laboratory: the analytical balance and the top-loading balance. Calculate the volume occupied by 1 mole of gas (any gas) at 1 atm and 0°C (known as STP standard temperature and pressure)? Show yourwork. Fill balloons with water (liquid and frozen) and air, then talk about the properties of each. In Jan 30, 2023 · As indicated below, this pressure is exerted directly on the liquid in the reservoir, and is transmitted hydrostatically to the liquid in the column. In the simplest terms, a distillation involves boiling a liquid, then condensing the gas and collecting the liquid elsewhere 5. They are what make ILs such an attractive compound. By trying these experiments, you can gain a better understanding of the properties of liquids and their behavior and how surface tension affects their behavior. Introduction Density is a standard physical property of a liquid or solid. Each of the drops was observed and replicated in the lab notebook where they were then analyzed based on their chemical makeup and appearance. When this heats up, the liquid expands and pushes the liquid up the thin tube and a reading can be taken from how high the fluid has risen. The timing properties of LAB-based liquid scintillator have been studied through ultraviolet and ionization excitation in this study. The liquid is evaporated, meaning it is convert from its liquid state to gaseous state. If you're seeing this message, it means we're having trouble loading external resources on our website. Key Concepts. In this experiment, we will use three properties to identify a liquid substance - solubility, density and boiling Nov 11, 2021 · Pre-laboratory Assignment: The Density of Solids and Liquids. Substances in their liquid crystalline phase behave like liquids in that they flow and fill any shape container in which they are placed. The decay time of LAB, PPO and bis-MSB is found to be 48. Because the atoms are closely packed, liquids, like solids, resist compression; an extremely large force is necessary to change the volume of a liquid. Circle the properties that describe how oobleck behaves. Metals, whose atoms pack together quite compactly, have the highest densities, although These liquids included diethyl ether (C 4 H 10 O), butanol (C 4 H 9 OH), and glycerine (C 3 H 8 O 3 ); all distinct in their intermolecular forces. However, though they are fluids, they retain certain optical properties characteristic of a solid, especially those optical properties that depend on polarized light. A solid has definite volume and shape, a liquid has a definite volume but no definite shape, and a gas has neither a definite volume nor shape. Dec 27, 2020 · Ionic liquids (ILs) have recently made a revolution in research centers and chemical industry. water, rubbing alcohol, and vegetable oil). The liquids on heating slowly changes to vapor or gaseous phase. Dec 13, 2023 · Surface tension, capillary action, and viscosity are unique properties of liquids that depend on the nature of intermolecular interactions. Nov 21, 2023 · One of the most notable properties of liquids is that they are fluid and they can flow. Experiment 1 Density Name: Date: 2/4/ I. SL 2. An explanation of how densities were determined for liquids and solids A description of how uncertainty in measurements impacted your data collection I learned how to measure mass, volume and density with the lab. Liquid 1 is Liquid 2 is Liquid 3 is Scientists commonly measure intensive properties to determine a substance’s identity, whereas extensive properties convey information about the amount of the substance in a sample. Measure the Pressure: build a barometer to measure atmospheric pressure and explore how temperature affects gases. It explains the basic properties of liquids, and explores how intermolecular forces determine their behavior. water). Liquids have their own characteristic properties. Like liquids, gases have no definite shape, but unlike solids and liquids, gases have no definite volume either. When you pour a glass of water, or fill a car with gasoline, you observe that water and gasoline flow freely. Before testing the properties of water, it’s important for students to know the basic properties of water. Nov 3, 2011 · Rheology is the study of the flow properties of liquids. Nov 26, 2021 · This laboratory takes advantage of several properties of gases including their mass and ability to occupy the entire volume of a container to allow the calculation of the molar mass for an unknown compound. 14. To learn more about Properties, Types, Videos & Examples of Solution Visit BYJU'S. Viscosity. And when Sep 12, 2022 · That is, liquids flow (so they are a type of fluid), with the molecules held together by mutual attraction. Demonstrating the cohesive properties of water is pretty cool, but it isn’t a science fair project. Liquid densities are largely independent of pressure, but they are somewhat temperature-sensitive. Critical Temperature and Critical Pressure. Texture – Liquids can feel sticky, gooey, slippery, or watery to the touch. kastatic. Figure 1. Add or remove heat and watch the phase change. These properties are known as intensive properties and are used to identify a substance. Below is an explanation of 5 properties of water, followed by an easy-to-do activity. Liquids have their boiling points above room temperature, under normal conditions. , water with hydrogen bonds has a surface tension of \(7. The different things I did in the lab made the Mar 24, 2021 · Liquids encompass an intermediate range of densities. Has the liquid frozen? If the liquid appears to have partly frozen, immerse it in the Dry Ice-acetone mixture again to see if it will completely freeze. 7%) as the continuous liquid phase. Honey, syrup, motor oil, and other liquids that do not flow freely, like those shown in Figure \(\PageIndex{1}\), have higher viscosities. • 2. List five physical properties. Take a look at some easy home experiments! These experiments model some properties of water (cohesion, adhesion, and Sep 15, 2020 · This experiment not only explores solids and liquids, but also the process known as emulsion. How to Harvest Water from Fog: set up a device to capture fog and explore the change from gas (water vapor) to liquid (water). When observing different liquids, the way a liquid acts on paper is a characteristic property of the liquid and can be used to identify it. You shinea ray of light (in air) onto the surface of each liquid, one at a time, at a 60° angle of incidence; you measurethe angle of refraction in each case. M is the Mass [g], V is the Volume [mL] and SG is Specific Gravity [-]. I used volume mestome the destiny of not known liquids and irregular solids. Water, gasoline, and other liquids that flow freely have a low viscosity. Surface Tension: Liquids Stick Together Teacher Advanced Version In this lab you will learn about properties of liquids, specifically cohesion, adhesion, and surface tension. The wavelength of the light in air is 589nm. In this lab, we’ve seen that the space between particles is a result of the battle between particles’ intrinsic motion and the attractive and repulsive forces between them. Molecular compounds, sometimes called (a) The positively and negatively charged ions in an ionic solid such as sodium chloride (NaCl) are held together by strong electrostatic interactions. A unique property of liquids is something called viscosity. The molecules within a liquid are surrounded by other molecules and are attracted equally in all directions by the cohesive forces within the liquid. honey) and a low viscosity indicates a low resistance (e. When it comes to different liquids, some mix well while others don’t; some pour quickly while others flow slowly. At the interface between a liquid and a gas, that is, in a liquid, the out-of-equilibrium force between molecules creates an imaginary surface layer, which exerts a tension force on the surface. Experiment with floating, carrying cargo, or moving objects across liquids by learning about the physics principles of surface tension, density (mass per volume), or viscosity (resistance to flow). It is recommended to control for temperature in the lab. Floating Paperclip Evaporation can be used as a separation method to separate components of a mixture with a dissolved solid in a liquid. Color – Liquids can be any color or colorless. Then remove the test tube. Techniques useful for the separation of mixtures include the following: DISTILLATION is the purification of a liquid by heating it to its boiling point, causing vaporization, and then condensing the vapors into the liquid state and collecting the liquid. Liquids can be described by their properties of color, texture, and viscosity. By using our knowledge about the four liquids we needed to identify the components of an unknown mixture. Metallic mercury, being a liquid of exceptionally high density and low vapor pressure, is the ideal barometric fluid. Surface tension is affected by the intermolecular forces of the material at the interface. From the results, you will see how the viscosity varies with the concentration of a binary liquid mixture. Intensive properties are those that are independent of the amount of matter present. Let’s see how solid water acts!!! 1. There are forces between the liquid such as Van der Waals forces that are responsible for the intermolecular forces found within the liquid. Use appropriate vocabulary to describe the properties of liquids. Jun 17, 2023 · The vapor pressure of a liquid depends on the intermolecular forces of the liquid as well as temperature and external pressure. NGSS In lab, you are studying the properties of four different transparent liquids, labeled A, B, C, and D. Remove the flask and cool under tap water to condense the organic liquid. However, recent studies have questioned whether this practice is supported by the evidence. Jun 26, 2023 · Cohesion allows a liquid to resist tensile stress; Adhesion allows it to adhere to another body. Physical changes are observed when wax melts, when sugar dissolves in coffee, and when steam condenses into liquid water (Figure 1. Liquids are said to have low compressibility; in Among common liquids, water exhibits a distinctly high surface tension due to strong hydrogen bonding between its molecules. 1%, 0. If the liquid freezes at Dry Ice temperature, its freezing point is at a higher temperature than - 78°C. Lab 8: Properties of Gases: Determination of the Molar Mass of a Volatile Liquid POST-LABORATORY QUESTIONS 1. The concepts of cohesion, adhesion, and viscosity are defined. Surface tension is the energy required to increase the surface area of a liquid by a given amount. Students will be able to plan and carry out an investigation to discover and compare the properties of liquids. These principles will be demonstrated by adding drops of different liquids onto pennies to determine the strength of molecular attraction. Consequently, the particles move freely, but they are still attracted to each other. dfrmx hfil phku rqene vdxu gfi bnrmg iokiwr vnckg zchcwx